The Road to Doctor-ship free essay sample

As right on time as third grade, it was obvious to me that medication was an enthusiasm of mine. My father had gotten a situation in a residency program in Pennsylvania for his careful forte; so as to finish his clinical preparing and turn into a doctor he was required to live in a medical clinic gave condo. My mom had concluded that she was unable to leave our present home in Detroit and subside into another home close my dad’s medical clinic since it would be too disrupting for the family and she couldn’t bear to leave her own patients. From going through those two years of my youth without my father, I took in the colossal penances specialists make. In secondary school, my enthusiasm for medication turned out to be increasingly engaged around scholastic zones like human life systems, sub-atomic science, and logical exploration. My examination especially raised my degree of comprehension of medications and sub-atomic connections at a cell level, and it was with this g ratefulness that I amassed information about what in drugs made them viable. We will compose a custom article test on The Road to Doctor-transport or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I got associated with Science Olympiad and worked in a nearby emergency clinic as a staff assistant at the front work area, getting things done and moving blood tests. This involvement with the emergency clinic showed me how a medical clinic works and works, from receptionists and information section laborers to doctors and medical clinic heads. In addition to the fact that i was capable, and as a rule required to, associate legitimately with patients all things considered, yet I likewise found out about how patients endowed their primary care physicians with the most close to home data that they left well enough alone from even their families, similar to their ongoing auto collision or memory misfortune. So as to acquire knowledge into a physician’s everyday assignments, I worked in my mother’s inner medication practice after school during sophomore year. My obligations, which included noting the workplace telephone, planning arrangements, and recording reports, permit ted me to sharpen my authoritative aptitudes just as find out about how basic administration is in the activity of a decent private practice. I watched the associations between my mother and her patients and the manner by which patients expressed gratitude toward her. Patients would go to her in the wake of recouping from weakening sicknesses and toss their arms around her, frequently crying as they portrayed the delights of at last being their â€Å"normal selves† once more. Blossoms or natural product crates regularly showed up at her office with photographs of recouped patients, standing by and by with their families or doing the thing they love whether it be horseback riding or ball. As I was growing up, my father frequently brought home high-goals pictures of organs from medical procedures that he performed for me to gain from. This was one more factor that started my enthusiasm for the quest for a clinical vocation. I would frequently mess around with myself to perceive what number of organs I could find and mark accurately. Human life systems and its physiology became something I invested more energy self-considering.

The History of Obesity in America essays

The History of Obesity in America papers Corpulence is a multilayered and complex infection that has influenced millions all through the world. Researchers have battled to discover effective medications to reduce the issue. Heftiness is a moderately new issue, as this worldwide debacle was not a common issue or an open wellbeing worry until the mid-twentieth century. The far reaching weight around the world came to fruition so quickly and significantly that the main way it very well may be clarified is that it must be a natural, social, and social issue as opposed to a transformative event. The particular reasons for why there was an abrupt increment in heftiness have not yet been built up; be that as it may, the hidden reasons for corpulence over the top eating and absence of activity have consistently been known. [1] The stoutness pandemic is without a doubt another event, yet stoutness has been a piece of numerous social orders since ancient times. Cultural observation has moved drastically in the previous century from the conviction that heftiness was basically a restorative issue to an understanding that heftiness is a clinical and physiological issue. In spite of general wellbeing endeavors to instruct and impact society, the stoutness rate expanded tremendously because of elements prompting an inexorably inactive way of life and malicious dietary changes. Weight can be gone back to more than 20,000 years and the importance behind weight and cultural observation changes much of the time. At times, overweight individuals were seen in a positive light and now and then they were seen in a progressively disparaging style. For most of history, there was not normally a plenitude of food and when somebody was beefy, they had endurance preferences. During the renaissance time frame, chubby individuals were seen to be high class and princely. Despite what might be expected, investigations of illustrious Egyptian mummies recommend that there were white collar class fat and bold individuals; in any case, at this time, corpulence was view as frightful and hostile. In An... <!

Book Riots Deals of the Day for May 7th, 2019

Book Riots Deals of the Day for May 7th, 2019 Sponsored by Audible These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Before we get started with the books, a quick note that the Kindle Paperwhitewhich is now waterproofis $40 off! The Invisible Library  by Genevieve Cogman  for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Alias Grace  by Margaret Atwood for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. We Fed an Island  by José Andrés  for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The Book of M by Peng Shepherd for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Shadow of the Fox  by Julie Kagawa  for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): Keep Her Safe  by Sophie Hannah for $1.99 Un Lun Dun by China Miéville for $1.99 Are You There God? Its Me, Margaret by Judy Blume for $1.99 Belong to Me: A Novel by Marisa de los Santos for $1.99 Shelter by Jung Yun for $2.99 The Optimists Daughter by Eudora Welty for $2.99 Yes Please by Amy Poehler for $2.99 The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa, translated by Stephen Snyder for $2.99 All Grown Up by Jami Attenberg for $2.99 Feminists Dont Wear Pink and Other Lies: Amazing Women on What the F-Word Means to Them by Scarlett Curtis for $1.99 A Tale for the Time Being by Ruth Ozeki for $1.99 No One Can Pronounce My Name by Rakesh Satyal for $2.99 We Have Always Lived in the Castle  by Shirley Jackson for $1.99 Anansi Boys  by Neil Gaiman for $1.99 A Spy in the House  by Y.S. Lee for $1.99 A Natural History of Dragons  by Marie Brennan for $1.99 The Library at Mount Char  by Scott Hawkins for $2.99 The Paper Magician by Charlie N. Holmberg for $1.99 Spring Snow: The Sea of Fertility, 1 by Yukio Mishima for $1.99 The Sisters of Alameda Street by Lorena Hughes for $1.99. Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography by Neil Patrick Harris for $2.99 An Extraordinary Union  by Alyssa Cole  for $3.49 The Epicurious Cookbook by Tanya Steel  for $1.99 Self-Inflicted Wounds by Aisha Tyler for $1.99 Soulless (Parasol Protectorate Series Book 1) by Gail Carriger for $4.99 Faithful Place by  Tana French for $1.99 Dead Girls: Essays on Surviving an American Obsession  by Alice Bolin  for $1.99 The Girl with the Red Balloon by Katherine Locke  for $1.99 Like Water for Chocolate: A Novel in Monthly Installments with Recipes, Romances, and Home Remedies by Laura Esquivel for $2.99 Dactyl Hill Squad by Daniel José Older for $1.99 Q Is For Quarry by Sue Grafton for $1.99 Trinity: A Novel by Louisa Hall for $1.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $3.99 The Invisible Library by Genevieve Cogman for $0.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Geekerella: A Fangirl Fairy Tale by Ashley Poston for $1.99 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. Batman: Nightwalker by Marie Lu for $1.99. Cane by Jean Toomer for $2.78 The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home  by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ®  Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Rosewater by Tade Thompson for $4.99 A Princess in Theory: Reluctant Royals by Alyssa Cole for $5.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for  $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7  by Marcel Proust  for $0.99 Prime Meridian  by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 I Met a Traveller in an Antique Land  by Connie Willis for $0.99 On Tyranny by Timothy Snyder  for $3.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 Dragonflight: Volume I in The Dragonriders of Pern by Anne McCaffrey for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Happy Dreams by Jia Pingwa, translated by Nicky Harman for $3.99 My Soul to Keep (African Immortals series) by Tananarive Due for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 Howls Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones for $3.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 Assassin’s Apprentice (The Farseer Trilogy, Book 1) by Robin Hobb for $2.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Ra 6713 “Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public...

ETHICS â€Å"Is deciding what is RIGHT and doing it† ETHICS is equated with: * Good Governance: It requires us to decide what is good. * Public Service Ethics: Requires us to give quality service to the public. * Standards, Rules, Morals - ETHICS is the â€Å"science of human duty†. ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE Good Governance is characterized with: * Accountability * Transparency * Participation * Non-Discrimination * Responsiveness * Poverty Alleviation (According to UNDP as cited by Carià ±o) * Participation * Rule of Law * Transparency * Responsiveness * Consensus Orientation * Equity * Effectiveness and Efficiency * Accountability Ethical Bases†¦show more content†¦Recommending any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending official transaction with his office. Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value which in the course of his official duties or in connection with any operation being regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the function of his office. Unfair discrimination in rendering public service due to party affiliation. Disloyalty to the Republic of the Philippines and to the Filipino people. Failure to act promptly on letters and requests within 15 working days from receipt, except as otherwise provided in these Rules. Failure to attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the services of the office or to act promptly and expeditiously on public personal transactions. Failure to file sworn statements of assets, liabilities and networth, and disclosure of business interests and financial connections. RA 9485 â€Å"Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007† signed into law by Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on June 02, 2007 Violations Refusal to accept application and/or request within the prescribed period or any document being submitted by a client. Failure to act on an application and/or request or failure to refer back to the client a request which cannot be acted upon due to lack of requirement/s within the prescribed period. Failure to attend to clients whoShow MoreRelatedEstrada vs Sandiganbayan3238 Words   |  13 Pagesof alias by respondent Estrada was not public, was allowable under banking rules, and was an exception to illegal use of alias punishable under CA 142; in limiting the coverage of the amended Information in Criminal Case 26565; and in departing from its earlier final finding on the non-applicability of Ursua v. Court of Appeals II. Objectives 1) To determine if the use of Estrada’s alias violates CA No. 142.and violates the Bank Secrecy Law or RA 1405. 2) To be able to identifyRead MoreBanking Laws and Jurisprudence Reviewer41247 Words   |  165 PagesBanking Laws CHAPTER 1 – Banks and Business of Banking †¢ Declaration of the state with regards to banking – recognize vital role of the banks to provide environment conducive to development of national economy o It also states that banks need high standards of integrity and performance Banks – entities engaged in the lending of funds obtained in the form of deposits (borrowing, lending, safe-keeping) Banks may engage in other activities allowed by the law other than lending 2 †¢ †¢ Nature

An Introduction to Information Technology Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2685 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Information Essay Did you like this example?   Introduction to Information Technology Law Table of Contents Introduction The Dispute Copyright infringement Definition of Fair Use What Did the Court Decide, and Why? Introduction Googles Library Project, a solution launched in 2004 allowing users to find relevant books easier. This project is also known as Google Book Search. In this project, Google partnered with several major libraries to include their collections in Google Books by scanning and categorizing the booking electronically. Google books, allowing users to perform full-text search through those scanned books. Million of books were scanned by Google which is still in copyright while Google did not obtain the copyright permission of those scanned books. Google books operated based on Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s search engine. The result will be displayed in an interface which full or partial book preview or some snippets or no preview at all. Google annoyed the plan to digitize books and make them available on Google Books in a rate of approximately 15 million volumes within a decade. However, Google did not obtain copyright permission while scanning millions of books that are still under copyri ght. This triggered controversy from some parties such as authors and publisher to challenged Google on digitizing Books which is in-copyright. In 2005, The Authors Guild and Association of American Publishers separately filed lawsuit against Google. The claim against Google is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"massive infringementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on Copyright while the company failed to properly compensate authors and publishers. The group are seeking for injunction for Google to scan copyright books. Googles principal defense is fair use under 107 of the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. 107.[1] In 2008, Google has reached a settlement agreement (The Amended Settlement Agreement (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The ASAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ )) with the parties. The proposed settlement was preliminarily approved by Judge John E. Sprizzo by order entered November 17, 2008.[2] Google was expecting in exchanging for the right to make millions of books available to the public. The Settlement Agreement was revised in 2009 in or der to take care of the feedback from rightsholders. March 2011: A federal judge Denny Chin rejects the settlement reached between the publishing industry and Google because the agreement is not fair, adequate, and reasonable,[3] for example, providing a monopoly environment to Google and implementing a forward-looking business arrangement. March 2012 Google reach settlement with publishers.[44] On May 31, 2012 Judge Chin issued an opinion on denying Googles motion to dismiss and granting the individual plaintiffs motion, from Authors Guild (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“AGà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) and the American Society of Media Photographers and other named photographersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ associations (collectively à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ASMPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), for class certification. Authors Guild v. Google Inc. [4] in their separate suits against Google relating its scanning of books and the images they contain. In late 2013, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled in Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favor on summary judgment2 and held that Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were fair use. This article provides a summary of the issues involved, the reasoning behind the decision and the takeaways from the case. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Introduction to Information Technology Law" essay for you Create order What is Copyright? Copyright legislation is part of the wider body of law known as intellectual property. [5] Industrial property and Copyrights are two branches of intellectual property rights while Industrial property such as patents protects inventions and copyright protects literary and artistic works.[6] As mentioned above, copyright is a form of an intellectual property. It is exclusive and assignable legal right grants the creator of an original work protecting works such as but not limited to text, artistic works, music, computer programs, sound recordings and films. The expression of copyright refers to the copying act of protected works may be made only with the authorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ authorization. [7] Hence, the copyright owners may prevent others from reproduction, distribution, rental and importation their work without their permission. Copyright can be grant to others in specific rights, for example the right for copying, a publisher may be allowed to copy the work after obtai ning a license from the author. There are few properties of copyrights: Copyright is grant to the author of the expression of the ideas as soon as it exists. In most of the countries, public registration for copyright protection is not necessary. Copyright is transferrable in full or partial form. The copyright owner is able to transfer the right to others, for example, license the copying rights to other. Unlike patents, copyright law protects only the form of expression of ideas; it does not protect ideas, concepts, styles or techniques. Copyright is separated from the property right, for example, owning a book does not grant you the copying right of the book. There are some limitations on the copyright rights. Under the law of the United States, certain categories of works are excluded from the copyright protection[8] The first sale doctrine Copyrighted work could be resell legitimately if the work is obtained legally licensed. That is the work is originally produced by or with the permission of copyright holder.[9] For example, resell of a copyrighted book which is produced in authorization of the author is legally allowed and does not infringe copyright. This first sales doctrine also subjected to some important conditions and exceptions under the Copyright Law of the United States of America Section 109(a). For example, rental of a music CD under the first sales doctrine is not allowed. Fair Use and fair dealing Copyright was subjected to a fair use limitation in some jurisdiction such as the United States. The doctrine of fair use was developed through a substantial number of court decisions over the years and has been codified in section 107 of the United States copyright law.[10] Under the doctrine of fair use, there are certain usage of copyright material are allowed legally. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes The nature of the copyrighted work The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work Competition law / anti-trust law The Dispute of the Goole Books Case Copyright infringement In the Google Books Case, the main focus is on Gogglesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ act of massive digitizing in-copyright material without obtaining proper permission from the copyright owners. Definition of Fair Use But third, and most important, not every à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“copyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  violates copyright law. In particular, if a copy is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair use,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  then copyright law has not been violated. The question in this case is thus, as always, is the copying for purposes of making snippet access available à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair use.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  As much as you know that it is wrong to download music without the permission of the copyright owner, I hope you also know that it is right to make copies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  even without the permission of the copyright owner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  when such copies are fair use Fair use basically means there are certain situations in which copying is excused under the Copyright Laws. The Fair Use Doctrine is codified in 17 U.S.C. 107 (the Copyright Act), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include: 1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; 2) the nature of the copyrighted work; 3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and 4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Classic examples of situations where the Fair Use Doctrine has applied include: news reporters copying portions of a work for purposes of news reporting and criticism;[11] The Amended Settlement Agreement In October 2008, the Amended Settlement Agreement (ASA) is a 166 pages document with the core value of allowing public access to millions of out-of-print books registered in the U.S. Copyright Office. With ASA, Google will able to (1) continue to digitize Books and Inserts, (2) sell subscriptions to an electronic Books database, (3) sell online access to individual Books, (4) sell advertising on pages from Books, and (5) make certain other prescribed uses.[12] The scope of the settlement was limited to books that were either registered with the U.S. Copyright Office or published in the U.K., Australia, or Canada, which share a common legal heritage and similar book industry practices. [13] Under this settlement, Google will establish a standalone, not-for-profit Book Rights Registry to maintain a database of rightsholders in order to locate the rightsholders and administer distributions of revenues.[14] 63% of all revenues of retailing access to the out-of-print books will be distributed to the rightsholders in accordance with a Plan of Allocation and Author-Publisher Procedures, while retailers will keep the majority of the remaining 37%.[15] For Unclaimed Works, an Unclaimed Works Fiduciary will be setup to represent the interest with respect to[16]. The fund will be hold on behalf of the rightsholders by Book Rights Registry. After five years, the accumulated fund will be used to locate the rightsholders. After 10 years, the Registry may ask the court to distribute those funds for non-profit use for the reading public. For books inserted before May 5, 2009, Google will pay $45 million into a Settlement Fund to make Cash Payments to rightsholders,[17] at minimum $60 per Principal Work, $15 per Entire Insert, and $5 per Partial Insert and maximum $300 per Principal Work, $75 per Entire Insert, and $25 per Partial Insert, depends on the amount of eligible claims. The ASA classified in-print (Commercially Available) and out-of-print (not Commerc ially Available) Books.[18] Under the ASA, Google are allowed to make only non-display use of the in-print books unless an explicit authorization was grant by the Booksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rightsholders. Google are allowed to display out-of-print books but the rightsholders may instruct Google to stop it. If the above settlement was success, it will benefit the society in: Allowing the public, such as students, scholars, and readers to search, preview, and purchase online access to of in-copyright, out-of-print books. Create a channel for authors and publishers to sell their copyrighted works Create an independent, not-for-profit Book Rights Registry that will locate and represent rightsholders, making it easier for everyone to license works; [19] Allowing the public for free, full-text, online viewing of millions of out-of-print books at designated computers in U.S. public and university libraries; and[20] Enable unprecedented access to the written literary record for people who are visually impaired. [21] There are approximately 500 filed submissions, in majority objections to ASA. According to the opinion of case The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc.[22] There are 7 main objections to ASA. Adequacy of Class Notice Inadequate notice was given to certain class members of the original settlement ASA such as Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Inc., the American Society of Journalists and Authors, Inc., and certain foreign publisher and authors associations object to the adequacy of notice.[23] Adequacy of Class Representation[24] Certain objectors object to the ASA because their interests are odds with the interest of the representative plaintiffs. The adequacy of representation inquiry considers whether à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1) plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interests are antagonistic to the interest of other members of the class and 2) plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attorneys are qualified, experienced and able to conduct the litigation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [25] The court concluded there is a substantial question on the existence of antagonistic interests between named plaintiffs and certain members of the class.[26] Scope of Relief Under Rule 23 The ASA consists two distinct parts. The first part is a settlement of past copyright infringement while the second part is transferred to Google certain rights in exchange for future and ongoing arruangements.[27] This is in result releasing Google from liability for certain future acts. Certain objectors were objecting to this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“forward-looking business arrangementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in a reason that the relief goes beyond the dispute before the court in this litigation.[28] Copyright Concerns Certain objectors point out that the ASA pertaining to orphan works would result in the involuntary transfer of copyrights in violation of the Copyright Act, as copyrighted works would be licensed without the owners consent.[29] Antitrust Concerns Certain objectors object the ASA because it violates the Sherman Act in certain pricing mechanisms on the ASA. The ASA allowing Google on scanning books, especially orphan books, would also allow Google a monopoly over digital books and, hence, entrench Googles dominant position in the online search business. [30] Privacy Concerns Certain objectors contend that the ASA raises significant privacy issues.[31] By digitalizing books, Google collected huge amount of information including private information about identifiable users.[32] The protection of the use of those information is not adequate.[33] International Law Concerns Since scope of ASA was limited to books register with the U.S. Copyright Several foreign authors and entities contend that the ASA would violate international law by assuming the right of foreign rightsholders are not covered and by favouring rightsholders from certain nations.[34] On March 22, 2011, Judge Denny Chin handed down his Order rejecting the proposed settlement agreement (the ASA) between The Authorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Guild et al. and Google. He explicitly said that the ASA is not fair, adequate, and reasonable. [35] Te court would like to leave this matter to the Congress as the decision is 1) establishment of a mechanism for exploiting unclaimed books; 2) The notion that a court-approved settlement agreement can release individual rights owners who have not voluntarily consented to transfer is a troubling one; 3) ASA is violating the international principles and treaties. What Did the Court Decide, and Why? On summary judgment, Judge Denny Chin considered a variety of factors, and ultimately concluded that Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were fair use. Reference Increasing Access to Books: The Google Books Settlement: https://sites.google.com/a/pressatgoogle.com/googlebookssettlement/home Fair use the Google Books project[36] The Google Books decision: The Authors Guild v Google Inc[37] 1 | Page [1] Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1088 Filed 11/14/13 [2] 05 CIV 8136, The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc., United States District Court, see also: ECF No. 64 [3] 05 CIV 8136, The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc., United States District Court, page 45 [4] I.d., page 14, see also: 282 F.R.D. 384 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) [5] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 4 [6] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 4 [7] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 4 [8] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 5 [9] Copyright à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright [10] FL-102, Reviewed June 2012, U.S. Copyright Office, https://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html [11] See, e.g., Religious Technology Center v. Pagliarina, 908 F.Supp. 1353 (E.D. Va. 1995) (the Washington Post newspaper quoted brief portions of Church of Scientology texts in an article, and its use was deemed a fair use); and Italian Book Corp. v. American Broadcasting Co., 458 F.Supp. 65 (S.D.N.Y. 1978) (a television film crew covering a festival recorded a band playing a portion of a copyrighted song, and the film was replayed during the news broadcast à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  the unauthorized reproduction of the song portion in this case was deemed fair use). [12] The Revised Google Books Settlement Agreement, 3.1, 4.1-4.8; see also ASA 1.149, https://6c01e33b-a-7d83507a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/a/pressatgoogle.com/googlebookssettlement/revised-settlement/SettlementModificationsOverview.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7crqyX4nDlCchCcwFrUopGM-s65QJxsvvsxfWPwKMU4g0QLQko_j0PPkna-fXc7cJWK17tH97EeV9R5W-9458ZFK_12mosgClUMJVt1ZarH9g5gM0FVHqcIJ2seGQMIBxnl0ng45vO8E60ZrKHdkuKxb6uE-8tVX58ccaYck3VT0nL53iIM0bcsbcxG05HOUJssaDcrgJ7HvNdIzqssM Ro9VpT5tPFJ4MbFjRLTh7N-xpirYH3HNjzipjGLF8uMwadZGVT0i6Wt5Z5wVXQmZzNrdFlPcSoID0R1LLPpE6mxZUtZ4E%3Dattredirects=0 [13] I.d. [14] I.d., 6.1(b) [15] I.d., 2.1-2.4, 4.5, 5.4, [16] I.d., 3.2(e)(i), 3.3, 3.10, 4.2(c)(i), 4.3, 4.5(b)(ii), 4.7, 6.2(b)(ii) [17] I.d., 2.1(b), 13.4; [18] I.d., 1.31, 3.2, 3.3 [19] I.d., 6.1(b) [20] Id. [21] Id. [22] 05 CIV 8136, The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc., United States District Court [23] I.d., Page 11 [24] I.d., Page 11 [25] I.d., page 20 [26] I.d., page 20 [27] I.d., page 21 [28] I.d., page 12, see also 17 U.S.C. 201(e) [29] I.d., page 21 [30] I.d., page 13 [31] I.d., page 12 [32] I.d., page 12 [33] I.d., page 12 [34] I.d., page 12 [35] I.d., page 45 [36] C.L.S. Rev. 2014, 30(1), 86 [37] E.I.P.R. 2011, 33(8), 531-536

Chapter 2 Outline and Key Terms Free Essays

Chapter 2 First Farmers The Revolutions of Agriculture, 10,000 b. c. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2 Outline and Key Terms or any similar topic only for you Order Now –3000 b. c. e. Chapter Overview CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES †¢TO MAKE STUDENTS AWARE THAT AGRICULTURE EVOLVED INDEPENDENTLY IN SEVERAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD †¢To trace the development of agriculture and its local variations †¢To consider the social implications of the Agricultural Revolution Chapter Outline I. OPENING VIGNETTE A. In the past two centuries, there has been a dramatic decline in the number of farmers worldwide. 1. United States an extreme case: only around 5 percent of Americans, many of them over 65 years old, were still on farms in 2000 2. reat increase in the productivity of modern agriculture B. The modern retreat from the farm is a reversal of humanity’s first turn to agriculture. II. The Agricultural Revolution in World History A. Agriculture is the second great human process after settlement of the globe. 1. started about 12,000 years ago 2. often called the Neolithic (New Stone Age) or Agricultural Revolution 3. deliberate cultivatio n of plants and domestication of animals 4. transformed human life across the planet B. Agriculture is the basis for almost all human developments since. C. Agriculture brought about a new relationship between humans and other living things. 1. actively changing what they found in nature rather than just using it 2. shaping the landscape 3. selectively breeding animals D. â€Å"Domestication† of nature created new mutual dependence. 1. many domesticated plants and animals came to rely on humans 2. humans lost gathering and hunting skills E. There was an â€Å"intensification† of living: getting more food and resources from much less land. 1. more food led to more people 2. more people led to greater need for intensive exploitation III. Comparing Agricultural Beginnings A. The Agricultural Revolution happened independently in several world regions. 1. Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia 2. several areas in sub-Saharan Africa 3. China 4. New Guinea 5. Mesoamerica 6. the Andes 7. eastern North America 8. all happened at about the same time, 12,000–4000 years ago 9. scholars have struggled with the question of why agriculture developed so late in human history B. Common Patterns 1. Agricultural Revolution coincided with the end of the last Ice Age a. global warming cycle started around 16,000 years ago b. Ice Age was over by about 11,000 years ago . end of Ice Age coincided with human migration across earth d. extinction of some large mammals: climate change and hunting e. warmer, wetter weather allowed more wild plants to flourish 2. gathering and hunting peoples had already learned some ways to manage the natural world a. â€Å"broad spectrum diet† b. development of sickles, baskets, and other tools to make use of wild grain in the Middl e East c. Amazon: peoples had learned to cut back some plants to encourage growth of the ones they wanted d. Australians had elaborate eel traps 3. omen were probably the agricultural innovators 4. gathering and hunting peoples started to establish more permanent villages a. especially in resource-rich areas b. population growth perhaps led to a â€Å"food crisis† 5. agriculture developed in a number of regions, but with variation a. depended on the plants and animals that were available b. only a few hundred plant species have been domesticated c. only fourteen large mammal species were domesticated C. Variations 1. the Fertile Crescent was the first to have a full Agricultural Revolution a. resence of large variety of plants and animals to be domesticated b. transition to agriculture triggered by a cold and dry spell between 11,000 and 9500 b. c. e. c. transition apparently only took about 500 years d. much more societal sophistication (mud bricks, monuments and shrines, mo re elaborate burials, more sophisticated tools) 2. at about the same time, domestication started in the eastern Sahara (present-day Sudan) a. the region was much more hospitable 10,000–5,000 years ago b. domestication of cattle there about 1,000 years before Middle East and India c. n Africa, animals were domesticated first; elsewhere, plants were domesticated first d. emergence of several widely scattered farming practices e. African agriculture was less productive than agriculture in the Fertile Crescent 3. separate development of agriculture at several places in the Americas a. absence of animals available for domestication b. only cereal grain available was maize or corn c. result: replacement of gathering and hunting with agriculture took 3,500 years in Mesoamerica d. Americas are oriented orth/south, so agricultural practices had to adapt to distinct climate zones to spread IV. The Globalization of Agriculture A. Agriculture spread in two ways: 1. diffusion: gradual spr ead of techniques and perhaps plants and animals, but without much movement of human population 2. colonization or migration of agricultural peoples 3. often both processes were involved B. Triumph and Resistance 1. language and culture spread with agriculture a. Indo-European languages probably started in Turkey, are spoken today from Europe to India b. similar process with Chinese farming . spread of Bantu language in southern Africa d. similar spread of Austronesian-speaking peoples to Philippines and Indonesian islands, then to Pacific islands 2. the globalization of agriculture took about 10,000 years a. did not spread beyond its core region in New Guinea b. did not spread in a number of other regions c. was resisted where the land was unsuitable for farming or where there was great natural abundance 3. by the beginning of the Common Era, gathering and hunting peoples were a small minority of humankind C. The Culture of Agriculture 1. griculture led to much greater populations 2. changes in world population a. 10,000 years ago: around 6 million people b. 5,000 years ago: around 50 million people c. beginning of Common Era: around 250 million people 3. farming did not necessarily improve life for ordinary people a. meant much more hard work b. health deteriorated in early agricultural societies c. new diseases from interaction with animals d. the first epidemics appeared due to larger communities e. new vulnerability to famine, because of dependence on a small number of plants or animals 4. ew constraints on human communities a. all agricultural people settled in permanent villages b. the case of Banpo in China (settled ca. 7,000 years ago) 5. explosion of technological innovation a. pots b. textiles c. metallurgy 6. â€Å"secondary products revolution† started ca. 4000 b. c. e. : a new set of technological changes a. new uses for domesticated animals, including milking, riding, hitching to plows and carts b. only available in the Eastern Hemisphere 7. deliberate alteration of the natural ecosystem a. removal of ground cover, irrigation, grazing b. vidence of soil erosion and deforestation in the Middle East within 1,000 years after beginning of agriculture V. Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture A. Pastoral Societies 1. some regions relied much more heavily on animals, because farming was difficult or impossible there 2. pastoral nomads emerged in central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, the Sahara desert, parts of eastern and southern Africa 3. relied on different animals in different regions a. horses were domesticated by 4000 b. c. e. ; encouraged the spread of pastoral peoples on Central Asian steppes b. omesticated camels allowed human life in the inner Asian, Arabian, and Saharan deserts 4. no pastoral societies emerged in the Americas B. Agricultural Village Societies 1. most characteristic form of early agricultural societies, like Banpo or Jericho 2. maintenance of equality and freedom (no kings, chiefs, bureaucrat s, aristocrats) 3. Catalhuyuk, in southern Turkey a. population: several thousand b. dead buried under their houses c. no streets; people moved around on rooftops d. many specialized crafts, but little sign of inherited social inequality e. o indication of male or female dominance 4. village-based agricultural societies were usually organized by kinship, group, or lineage a. performed the functions of government b. the Tiv of central Nigeria organized nearly a million people this way in the late nineteenth century 5. sometimes modest social/economic inequality developed a. elders could win privileges b. control of female reproductive powers C. Chiefdoms 1. chiefs, unlike kings, usually rely on generosity, ritual status, or charisma to govern, not force 2. hiefdoms emerged in Mesopotamia sometime after 6000 b. c. e. 3. anthropologists have studied recent chiefdoms in the Pacific islands 4. chiefdoms such as Cahokia emerged in North America 5. distinction between elite and commoner wa s first established VI. Reflections: The Legacies of Agriculture A. Agriculture is a recent development in world history. 1. was an adaptation to the unique conditions of the latest interglacial period 2. has radically transformed human life and life on the planet more generally B. One species, Homo sapiens, was given growing power over other animals and plants. C. Agriculture also gave some people the power to dominate others. Key Terms AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: ALSO KNOWN AS THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION, THIS IS THE TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN (AND WORLD) EXISTENCE CAUSED BY THE DELIBERATE CULTIVATION OF PARTICULAR PLANTS AND THE DELIBERATE TAMING AND BREEDING OF PARTICULAR ANIMALS. Austronesian: An Asian-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific islands, thanks to their mastery of agriculture. Banpo: A Chinese archeological site, where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found. (pron. bahn-poe) Bantu: An African-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of eastern and southern Africa, thanks to their agricultural techniques and, later, their ironworking skills. (pron. BAHN-too) Bantu migration: The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria or Cameroon to most of Africa, in a process that started ca. 3000 b. c. e. nd continued for several millennia. broad spectrum diet: Archeologists’ term for the diet of gathering and hunting societies, which included a wide array of plants and animals. Cahokia: An important agricultural chiefdom of North America that flourished around 1100 C. E. (pron. cah-HOKE-ee-ah) Catalhuyuk: An important Neolithic site in what is now Turkey. (pron. cha-TAHL-hoo-YOOK) chiefdom: A societal grouping governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ri tual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people. iffusion: The gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement. domestication: The taming and changing of nature for the benefit of humankind. end of the last Ice Age: A process of global warming that began around 16,000 years ago and ended about 5,000 years later, with the earth enjoying a climate similar to that of our own time; the end of the Ice Age changed conditions for human beings, leading to increased population and helping to pave the way for agriculture. Fertile Crescent: Region sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture. horticulture: Hoe-based agriculture, typical of early agrarian societies. intensification: The process of getting more in return for less; for example, growing more food on a smaller plot of land. Jericho: Site of an important early agricultural settlement of perhaps 2,000 people in present-day Israel. Mesopotamia: The valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq. native Australians: Often called â€Å"Aboriginals† (from the Latin ab origine, the people who had been there â€Å"from the beginning†), the natives of Australia continued (and to some extent still continue) to live by gathering and hunting, despite the transition to agriculture in nearby lands. pastoral society: A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; pastoral nomads lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather han settling permanently in a single location. â€Å"secondary products revolution†: A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began ca. 4000 b. c. e. , as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a revolutionary new source of power. stateless societies: Village-based agricultural societies, usually organized by kinship groups, that functioned without a formal government apparatus. teosinte: The wild ancestor of maize. (pron. tay-oh- SIN-tay) How to cite Chapter 2 Outline and Key Terms, Papers

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vacas Humane Colonialism free essay sample

Panfilo de Narvaez and his fleet of five ships with six hundred men set out with the intention of conquering and governing the provinces given to him by King Charles V. The Spanish expedition, motivated by curiosity, greed, and religion quickly realized the magnitude of their situation after utter and complete disaster after the ventured inland. Soon, survival of the fittest and the basic necessities of life were at the forefront of their thoughts and actions. As the herd of Spanish expeditioners dwindled, they relied upon Indian kindness and generosity to save them from terrible and fateful deaths. The more they depend on the Indians, the more they began to recognize the importance of these intelligent and resourceful people. In identifying with the Indians in their precarious manner, they were integrated into a complex and hierarchical culture in which altered their lives forever. Throughout Cabeza de Vaca’s narrative, Indians of many different tribes offered their assistance with food, clothes, and information. We will write a custom essay sample on Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vacas Humane Colonialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The single greatest opportunity for the Spaniards came about when the Indians on the Isle of Ill Fortune â€Å"tried to make us into medicine men†, and eventually â€Å"under such pressure we had to [perform a healing]† (de Vaca 49). Cabeza de Vaca says they performed all healings â€Å"by making the sign of the cross over them and blowing on [the person] and reciting a Pater Noster and an Ave Maria; and then [they] prayed as best [they] could to God Our Lord to give them health and inspire them to give us good treatment†¦ [and] they were well and healthy† (Cabeza de Vaca 49-50). These healings would ultimately revolutionize how the Europeans conducted business and interacted with the Indians because it made them medicine men. This occupation gave them access to food and they gained respect from the Indians, but they interpreted it as a â€Å"test to which God had subjected them to before revealing the true purpose of their existence† (Resendez 157). For Cabeza de Vaca, this was merely the beginning of a lifelong devotion to the Lord, Spain, and himself. As he began to question his existence, he realized that it was the will of God for Dorantes, Castillo, Estebanico, and himself to become the â€Å"intermediaries between God and the natives because they had a special connection† (Resendez 162). As more healings take place and their fame grows, the medicine men become directly connected to the Indians, and as a result they are called â€Å"children of the sun† (Resendez 167). Since they were being treated like demi-gods, they were paraded across Mexico with bands of thousands of Indians all shouting their praise for these healers. The Indians created a means of passing off the healers through a series of succession from one group to another. Throughout this process, the healers influenced the lives of the Indians by introducing Christianity and creating a relationship that could eventually lead to a more humane colonialism. The Christians were already planning this humane colonialism for â€Å"the benefit of Spain’s imperial power†; Cabeza de Vaca had even considered claiming Narvaez’s adelantamiento in which he could apply his revolutionary idea (Resendez 193). The basic scheme would be to set up a clear means of communication between the Christians and the natives. They would work out an agreement of peace between the two. The Christians would begin to colonize the New World with the establishment of churches; in which they would convert local Indians to Catholicism. Eventually they would set up trade routes would be established between towns connecting surrounding villages. All of the products would be commercialized and put on fleets bound for Spain and then the cargo would be redistributed throughout Europe. In return, Spain would return the favor bringing European goods back and essentially Europeanizing the New World. This system would have made Spain a superpower, and the images of gold would resonate throughout the hearts and minds of every Spaniard and equal subject within their mighty empire. One can see that this was merely a fantasy because of individuals like Nuno Beltran de Guzman, who drained the country of its natural resources and people. The selfishness and greed of most 16th century conquistadores is appalling, but as long as the crown got its share of the wealth, these men were supported with the things they needed to destroy a tradition that was far greater than themselves. Cabeza de Vaca’s attempt to become adelantamiento of Florida was an epic fail, but he managed to secure one in present day Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay (Resendez 208-210). He used the lessons he learned in the Americas in and attempt at a humane colonialism of these lands, but he quickly found out that his presence and ideas were not welcome in that part of the world. Resendez’s assessment of Cabeza de Vaca’s commitment to a kinder, gentler conquest is correct in the fact that it â€Å"could have transformed the brutal process† but Europeans didn’t care how they â€Å"overtook the land and riches of America† (Resendez xix-xx). The Spaniards did not want to understand the ways of these magnificent people’s culture or traditions. Religion was used by most Spaniards as an excuse or justification for their wrong doing, and they used their curiosity to further their greed. All the Spaniards cared about was money, and they exploited the Indians to get exactly what they wanted. Work Cited Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Castaways: The Narrative of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, edited by Enrique Pupo-Walker, translated by Frances M. Lopez-Morillas (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993) Resendez, Andres. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca. New York: Basic Books, 2007.